by Jenn Fishman This is a post in an occasional series affiliated with the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), a regional event with national reach held annually in Milwaukee, WI. Learn more below and in posts tagged “writing innovation” and “WIS.” On the 5th anniversary of the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), we held a series of conversations for a 2023 issue of Community Literacy Journal. In one of them, a dialogue about “Takeaways,” WIS Steering Committee member Aleisha Balestri describes the 5-minute flashtalk she gave at WIS ‘22. It was about her efforts to “vex” faculty-only conversations about students’ engagement with writing at the College of DuPage, where she teaches. Her strategy was as direct as it was elegant in its simplicity: she invited students to participate, resulting in “a very powerful conversation.”  Aleisha concludes her remarks by saying: “I would love to see WIS bring students to the forefront,” and all of us on the WIS Steering Committee agreed. Although undergraduate writers participated in the first three symposia (2018-2020), they did not return when WIS came back from a year-long, COVID-compelled hiatus. As a result, undergraduate writers were not part of the first hybrid symposium, “Writing As ______,” in 2022 or “Write it Out” in 2023. Likewise, they did not benefit from the company of the first two cohorts of Bedford/St. Martin’s WIS Fellows or the first international WIS attendees.  The literature on undergraduate research in writing studies helps explain what happened. In The Naylor Report on Undergraduate Research in Writing Studies, Sophia Abbot, Hannah Bellowoar, and Eric E. Hall discuss some of the many internal and external challenges that mentors of undergraduate researchers face. The list includes everything from lack of time outside the classroom to lack of material support. Writing instructors and administrators who organize course- or program-related showcases experience similar difficulties, even though the rewards for helping undergraduate writers go public are great. It’s no mistake that undergraduate research is one of the original high impact educational practices, and we’ve all seen students gain not only confidence but also intellectual and proto-professional insight when their writing circulates through publications or presentations delivered beyond the classroom With all of the above in mind, we committed to welcoming undergraduates back to the symposium in 2024. Full credit goes to Max Gray, a digital scholarship librarian at Marquette University and a WIS Steering Committee member, for the lightbulb moment that made it possible. Max suggested going digital and inviting undergrads to share pre-recorded, audio and video compositions, which could be featured both during and after each WIS. Running with that idea, Aleisha, Max, and I dreamt up a new program genre, the 3-minute flare, and the rest is WIS history. In 2024 the WIS theme was “Writing Human/s,” and the flares we received were a testament to how much humanness can be conveyed in 120 seconds of writing. Click through our digital showcase and find a love letter, a villanelle, and other poetry. Listen to ruminations on AI, COVID, and group communication as well as penmanship and writing in nature. Meet students who are haunted by writing and tormented by writer’s block. Their flares burn alongside those by students who are grounded and comforted by writing as “the light [they] turn to in the darkness.” Contributors span first-year students and super seniors. They are majors in everything from English to engineering and psychology, and they identify many ways, including as writers and readers-turned-writers. Together, the first cache of WIS flares confirms there may be no more powerful string of words than the declaration: “I am a writer.” Looking ahead to WIS ‘25, we invite you and your students to contribute. The importance of writing educators—teachers, mentors, and advisors—is legible in the flares we received as well as the shoutouts that authors gave to the teachers and mentors who supported their efforts, including Darcie Thoune at UW-La Crosse, Kat O’Meara and Laurie MacDiarmid at St. Norbert College, and Nila Horner at Michigan Tech.  The WIS ‘25 theme is mise en place, the culinary term for putting everything in place before starting to cook, especially in a professional kitchen. We’ve adopted this phrase as not only a metaphor for getting ready to write but also a pathway to exploring the interrelationships between writing and food. In addition, we have cooked up a second genre for undergraduate writers. To complement 3-minute flares we are also inviting 30-second sparks.  You and yours are cordially invited to join us. The prompts for flares and sparks as well as a proposal guide are available online, and submissions are due 12/13. Proposals for other WIS genres—flashtalks, workshops, posters, artifacts, displays, performances, and installations—are due 10/25. Registration opens in early November.  ... View more

Elizabeth Novotny Elizabeth Novotny is a PhD candidate in Rhetoric, Theory, and Culture at Michigan Technological University. She teaches First-Year Composition and other writing courses, such as Advanced Composition and Technical and Professional Communication. She is also a Composition Graduate Assistant and assists the program director in delivering instruction in the graduate-level Composition Pedagogy and orientation for new instructors, as well as supporting curriculum development and administrative tasks. Elizabeth’s research interests include writing studies, pedagogy, rhetorical theory, and continental philosophy. For her dissertation, she is working on a project that examines the relationship between FYC student conceptions of rhetorical agency and their writing practice.         How does the next generation of students inspire you? In our composition course at Michigan Tech, students research a topic of their choice throughout the semester. The variety of topics is amazing! Just last semester, I read about microtransactions in gaming, improving air traffic flow, the evolution of jazz music, factors impacting the processed food industry, linear infrastructure’s effect on wildlife, and much more. Students always keep me on my toes and remind me that there’s more to learn. I am constantly impressed by the questions they ask and the answers they find, and it’s inspiring to see them pursue their interests and gain confidence as researchers. My favorite part of teaching is being a genuinely interested and invested reader of student work.   How do you engage students in your course, whether f2f, online, or hybrid? Too often, students think that struggling with writing means that they are bad at it or there is something wrong with them. At Michigan Tech, a STEM-focused institution, we have a lot of students who are hesitant about writing. To engage them, I focus on making my own writing process visible, especially messy works-in-progress. It is important to acknowledge that writing is not perfectible and that it is difficult for everyone, not just for beginner or novice writers. Students need to see me as a fellow writer who is engaged in the same kinds of activities that I am asking them to do. For example, I share critical feedback I’ve received on my own writing and talk about the writing or research projects I’m currently working on. I’ll share examples of pieces of my undergraduate work in comparison to more recent work to demonstrate my growth. Another strategy I will often use is completing an activity along with students and projecting my work on the board as I do it. These kinds of practices lead to a comfortable classroom environment where it is accepted and encouraged to struggle. As a class, we view a challenging writing or reading experience as evidence that we are ready to learn something new.   Elizabeth's Assignment That Works Below is a brief synopsis of Elizabeth's assignment. For the full activity, see the Exploring Place assignment prompt. The assignment I presented during Assignments that Work is a supplementary assignment that I created collaboratively with another PhD student in my program, Kendall Belopavlovich. This assignment asks students to reflect on their story of being in the Keweenaw (the area where Michigan Tech is located) and go to a new place of their choice. Students explore their chosen place, and while they’re there, write a reflection on how their experience of being in the Keweenaw has changed as a result of interacting with that place. Students have responded very positively to this assignment. Most often, students mention a newfound appreciation for the unique natural beauty of the area or observe cultural differences that come from living in a remote place. Many students also express that this assignment has helped them value exploration and curiosity about the places around them. From my Assignments that Work presentation, I received valuable feedback from the other Bedford New Scholars that will help develop the assignment further. For example, I might have students complete a pre-reflection in a familiar place, which will allow them to reflect more intentionally about what changes they notice about themselves and about their writing when they go to a new place. I also got new ideas for incorporating multimodal elements into this assignment, such as asking students to make a map of how they moved through space and how they communicated there. I’m excited about making these updates moving forward! ... View more

Kim Haimes-Korn is a Professor of English and Digital Writing at Kennesaw State University. She also trains graduate student teachers in composition theory and pedagogy. Kim’s teaching philosophy encourages dynamic learning and critical digital literacies and focuses on students’ powers to create their own knowledge through language and various “acts of composition.” She is a regular contributor to this Multimodal Monday academic blog since 2014. She likes to have fun every day, return to nature when things get too crazy, and think deeply about way too many things. She loves teaching. It has helped her understand the value of amazing relationships and boundless creativity. You can reach Kim at khaimesk@kennesaw.edu or visit her website: Acts of Composition I incorporate visual and multimodal image work in most of my classes. In addition to writing prompts, I have students compose representative images and send them out on what I call curation events. I have described some of these in earlier posts where I have students curate playlists, strike out on visual journeys, and even attend live curation events where they create content for community partners. Image curation involves the processes of collection, selection, interpretation, creation, and sharing. The act of curation provides students with valuable skills that they can use in their academic, personal, and professional lives. It enhances critical thinking, creative composing, and is essential for digital writing where visuals are an integral part of the genre. Like any act of composition, image curation is about understanding your rhetorical situation: Your subjects, audiences, purposes, and contexts. We use these components to filter our collections and shape our perceptions. As a curator, we need an open awareness of what is around us and the connections between things that make them collections.  Click here to see Sample Image Archive  We can use different parameters as we create our image assignments such as chronological or thematic arrangements. We can give students particular prompts to guide their attention or present opportunities for them to choose their own collections. I use them for the purposes of invention and brainstorming ideas, arrangement as they organize their thoughts, and drafting as they incorporate them into their final products. Students already participate in acts of curation through social media where they collect, select, edit and distribute their images to tell stories. We curate and archive family photos, events, and objects that create systematic portraits of our lives over time. If you ever have participated in any of these activities, you know that you must be organized to make it work. We have all searched hopelessly for lost files or that one image that is randomly assigned by our computers if we do not define the parameters. It sounds obvious but students often do not know the value of archiving and organizing content in a digital world. I find that teaching students about archive organization is time well spent. I start at the beginning. File naming is important for easy retrieval down the line. Students do not really think about this as part of the process and haphazardly choose non-descript names such as “project one” or “my assignment.” I teach them to be specific and informative so they can glance at the file name and know something about what is inside. This might include their initials, title of the project, and dates among other things. I encourage them to think beyond the individual document, image, or file and see the bigger picture of how these things relate to and differentiate themselves from other things within their larger archival space. This often involves creating thoughtful folders and sub-folders to categorize their work. Basic Course Archive example   I also benefit as a teacher when I build in consistent naming protocols for files and folders so that we are intentionally structuring individual and class archives of their work over the term. This helps with their own work but also helps me when I go to evaluate so I do not have to spend my time searching and opening randomly named files to find the right assignments. I also see my whole class as an archiving opportunity for collecting, reflecting, and sharing student work (as well as my own scholarly research). You can use any platform, but I like a class Google Drive where students create individual and team folders for all to view. This is especially important when students curate and archive for community partners because they can easily share these organized folders with clients (preparing them for strong professional communication). Google provides a free, universal archive space with easy access and plenty of online support. I tried something new this semester and added Weekly Image Archive assignments where students showcase their work. Once again, I return to Google slides and have students choose one image from their weekly assignment to add to that week’s collaborative archive slideshow. They go through their own archives and select an image that speaks to the assignment and demonstrates strong visual composition. They include their name and a short description of the image and its meaning. We then show them to the class which reinforces that week’s lessons. It also gives students more ownership and pride in their work and helps us define quality by viewing strong work from their classmates. It does not take up too much class time as we create it together on the spot at the start of class. This activity raises the bar when students know they will be sharing their work with others rather than just turning it in to their teacher for evaluation. It is a time of both admiration and learning. Archives give us the opportunity to go back and reuse and repurpose images for future projects and new content. They provide digital, historical spaces for us to store, preserve, and revisit our work over time. I usually have students reflect upon their archived spaces at the end of the term to articulate their learning which gives them an overview perspective to see their work as an interconnected collection instead of isolated individual assignments. Although archiving is a skill that we assume students already have, I find they benefit from dedicated instruction towards these organizational practices. ... View more

by Darci Thoune, Kelly Blewett, and Kat O’Meara   This post is part of an occasional series affiliated with the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), a regional event with national reach that meets annually online and in Milwaukee, WI, led by Chief Capacitator Jenn Fishman. Learn more below and in posts tagged “writing innovation” and “WIS.”   As others have explored in previous posts about the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), part of its success has always been rooted in our commitment to the small. In many ways, we’re fortunate to be in a field that offers such a spectrum of professional development opportunities (flagship conferences, regional conferences, webinars, publications). And we imagine our small gathering, with its emphasis on writing innovation, community-building, and mentoring, as complementary to this abundance of opportunity in the field. Events like the WIS, because it’s small, can cater to particular needs, interests and whims of writing instructors in our corner of academia. We’re not the only ones doing this work though. Organizations like the Council of Writing Program Administrators (CWPA) have been successfully marshaling the small for decades with their regional affiliates program and, more recently, with their decision to hold one-day regional gatherings in summer of 2024 in lieu of holding a national conference. Glimpsing Regional Conferences and Affiliates within CWPA Kelly Blewett, WPA at Indiana University East and current president of CWPA CWPA’s decision to hold regional conferences in 2024 was informed by our commitment to the small. It’s so valuable for WPAs in a particular region to come together officially and under the banner of larger organizations to connect, trade information, and think together about the work we do. We modeled these regional events on a longstanding event hosted by the Carolinas affiliate called “Meeting in the Middle,” which, incredibly, just held its 18th annual gathering last February. Wendy Sharer, a current editor of WPA Journal who is a member of that affiliate, explained what makes that annual event work so well: it is affordable, interactive, has a social component built around ample breaks, shared meals, and people can attend within an easy driving distance. A small ad hoc regional conference committee, which included both Wendy and me, built these components into the call for the CWPA regional events in 2024. From Florida to Maryland to Wisconsin to Illinois to Texas, WPAs gathered, to learn, to connect. Connecting like this doesn’t have to require a lot of work. As Wendy pointed out, sessions built around a prompt like “Share a problem that your program is currently working on” often lead to rich, vibrant discussion that require little advance preparation.t is tremendously valuable to know the people who are WPAing around you, and I think that’s why we currently have 14 affiliates within CWPA. (Applications are always open for more.)  As a WPA myself, I’ve informally met several of my counterparts at local events and while there is some crossover among the Indiana writing programs, I am a firm believer that more crossover would be a good thing for everyone. When I think about the next chapter of my own career, fostering an Indiana affiliate program is on my list of things to do, and I’m grateful that such an affiliate could be endorsed and supported by the CWPA. Small But Mighty—A Regional Collaboration in Wisconsin Kat O’Meara, WPA at St. Norbert College in De Pere, WI   Darci and I formally established the Wisconsin Affiliate through CWPA in 2021, but our small but mighty collection of Wisco WPAs did not formally meet until the opportunity arose for regional conferences this summer of 2024. This event was super exciting to plan, and we decided to take a “less is more” approach, considering it was our inaugural session. We had two goals for the day: To establish a foundation for our Wisco Affiliate, and to use this precious time together to collaborate on WPA projects and issues. We coordinated a space at St. Norbert College utilizing our $500 WPA Affiliate start-up grant (offered to all new affiliates!), and we procured catering from a local sandwich shop in De Pere, Wisconsin. And perhaps the most exciting detail (for Darci and me) was the creation of a WI WPA t-shirt for all attendees to take home with them. To our surprise and delight, a solid dozen WPAs from all over Wisconsin heeded the call. We were a vibrant, interesting collection of administrators hailing from four-year public universities, mid-sized private universities, technical colleges, and small liberal arts colleges. The common threads, of course, were our ties to the Dairy State and the college student writers we all serve. After brief introductions, each attendee shared a WPA-specific project (or problem) to see where we could find through-lines and connections, and to offer initial strategies and support. The “projects and problems” brainstorm revealed some common woes: helping all faculty see themselves as writing teachers, rising numbers of students who need more foundational writing and academic support, balancing expertise and power with general austerity across changing institutional landscapes. But what also emerged were hopeful commonalities like our mutual desire for sharing resources (for placement, for teaching research skills) and how we can lean on one another across the state—even if we are each at our own institutions. While we have a long way to go before the Wisco Affiliate is on the level with a longstanding affiliate like Carolinas, the July meeting was an imperative first step toward some authentic statewide collaboration, and I’m so glad we did it. In hindsight, I’m proud of the foundation Darci and I were able to lay in July, and I am so grateful for the opportunity to collaborate with fellow writing program administrators with the support of the CWPA.   The theme for WIS ‘25 is mise en place, a culinary term for putting things in place before cooking, especially in a professional kitchen. For us, it’s a metaphor for getting ready to write as well as a pathway to exploring the interrelationship between writing and food. Join us online or in Milwaukee, WI, January 30-31, 2025. Proposals are welcome through 10/25 and, for undergraduate writers, through 12/13. Registration opens in early November. ... View more

by Jessie Wirkus Haynes and Jenn Fishman This post is part of an occasional series affiliated with the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), a regional event with national reach organized by a group of cross-institutional colleagues including Jessie and Jenn. Learn more below and in posts tagged “writing innovation” and “WIS.”    It’s no secret that professional conferences can be inaccessible in myriad ways. Too often they cost too much physically as well as financially, and panels of 3 to 5 people reading 15- to 20-minute papers can be difficult—or impossible—to follow without a range of resources that are not always readily available. What so many of us want —and feel we need—are opportunities to connect with colleagues and share ideas. Whether online or onsite, we hunger to have the kinds of back-and-forths that spark on-the-spot aha moments, spur and deepen professional relations, and enable new teaching and research possibilities.    That’s what motivated us to collaborate with campus colleagues Elizabeth Gibes and Kelsey Otero to start the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS) in 2018. At the time, Elizabeth was a digital scholarship and research librarian, and Kelsey helmed Marquette’s Social Innovation Initiative. Through our cross-disciplinary collaboration, we founded an event that features short talks, hands-on workshops, and multiple formal and informal opportunities to interact over the course of two days. For us, it was a recipe that worked, and participants over the years have described WIS as a respite, a space for reflection, a good venue for trying out new things, and a place where participants of all ranks, roles, and career stages can find inspiration as well as space for growth and change.    A key part of the WIS process is the post-symposium debrief, where the Steering Committee meets to discuss the immediate past WIS and look ahead to the next. One of the latest innovations to emerge from these discussions is the WIS satellite. The idea is to share the spirit of WIS beyond the annual 2-day symposium by inviting past participants to lead WIS-related happenings at their home institutions. As a group, we liked the idea of expanding access to WIS through additional events, and we were eager to find out how satellites could be tailored to suit different campuses’ and communities’ interests and needs. In particular, we hoped satellites might encourage interdepartmental and local cross-institutional collaborations around writing and writing education.    Thanks to Jessie’s initiative and leadership, her campus, Bellin College, hosted the first WIS satellite on March 18th, 2024. Bellin is a private college specializing in healthcare education in Green Bay, Wisconsin. As Jessie recalls:    When the WIS steering committee suggested an expansion into satellite events, I knew that Bellin College was the perfect place for this to happen. Often, in the STEM or healthcare settings, students and faculty can forget the importance of writing. As the lone English faculty member at the institution, I am highly invested in sharing the importance of writing for the healthcare professions to emphasize that writing isn’t just grammar or citation styles like APA; rather, it is an everyday practice, including charting, narrative medicine, professional research, literature reviews, research critiques, scholarly papers (and more). By effectively learning rhetoric and writing, students learn how to communicate successfully with a diverse set of patients, making healthcare more effective, compassionate, and equitable. My desire was both to innovate and to collaborate: I want students and faculty to think about writing as critical thinking, to see the humanities as a necessary part of healthcare, something that creates empathy and the ability to successfully interact with patients, caregivers, co-workers, and organizations.   Bellin College was extremely supportive of this idea, and Dr. Casey Rentmeester, Professor of Philosophy and Director of Academic Success, played a huge role in making this an interdisciplinary event as he spoke of empathy, philosophy, and the importance of the humanities in the healthcare field. In addition, I wanted to bring the satellite back to my WIS roots, so I asked Dr. Lilly Campbell, Associate Professor of English at Marquette University and Director of Foundations Instruction, to speak on her recent research about empathy and working with simulations in healthcare settings. I also encouraged students to share their experiences with writing, focusing on how writing has affected them both as students and as current/future healthcare providers. Most importantly, I wanted the event to end with discussion, thought, and a collaborative sharing of ideas and ways to improve. My goal was to set up an event that focused on writing and the humanities in healthcare as ways to improve empathy, critical thought, and, as a result, healthcare outcomes.   The reactions to our satellite surpassed expectations, thanks, in large part, to the inspiring talks by Dr. Rentmeester and Dr. Campbell as well as the work done by our administrative assistant, Mary Roffers. The satellite allowed us to focus on the specific institutional needs of a college focused on healthcare during a 90 minute session, which could be attended live or virtually. The audience consisted mainly of students with several faculty and staff members, but it was a collaborative and energizing experience that will help change and shape our next generation of providers. Students talked about it for weeks afterwards, and I’ve had many students tell me that they thought they were merely healthcare students, but they realize now that they are also writers. "Blinn College in Bryan, TX IMG 1035" by Billy Hathorn at en.wikipedia is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. The Bellin College WIS satellite is just the beginning. Already, Jessie and her colleagues are planning the next one, and colleagues around the country have been considering how a WIS satellite might help them amplify ongoing efforts or jump-start long-time plans. There are many organizational offshoots that offer parallel opportunities, including National Writing Project sites, Rhetoric Society of America student chapters, and Council of Writing Program Administrators regional affiliates. We encourage Bedford Bits readers to connect with the organizations in your orbit and then dream big through small conferences, symposia, and professional meetings.   The theme for WIS ‘25 is mise en place, a culinary term for putting things in place before cooking, especially in a professional kitchen. For us, it’s a metaphor for getting ready to write as well as a pathway to exploring the interrelationship between writing and food. Join us online or in Milwaukee, WI, January 30-31, 2025. Proposals are welcome through 10/25 and, for undergraduate writers, through 12/13. Registration opens in early November.  ... View more

As educators, we are in the midst, or at least a mis-beginning of a paradigm shift. And, certainly, generative AI (genAI) is becoming a key part of the conversation, offering exciting opportunities but also raising important ethical questions. Recently, the Macmillan Learning community featured my blog post "Bits on Bots: Data-Informed Generative AI Practice: One University’s Journey", which lays a foundation for understanding how institutions like Kennesaw State University (KSU) are navigating this transformative journey. Today, I want to share the evolution of our AI literacy initiatives at Kennesaw State University and to illustrate how our Rhetorical Prompt Engineering framework has fostered a nuanced understanding of both the ethical and practical dimensions of AI usage among learners and professional writers at varying educational and skill levels. Our journey began with a central question: How can we empower students to harness genAI effectively while ensuring they remain critically aware of the ethical complexities it introduces? The answer emerged in the form of the Rhetorical Prompt Engineering Method, which was not only inspired by post-process writing practice but also the Markov Chain: a probabilistic model that predicts the next word or sequence in a conversation based only on the current state or previous word(s) without needing the full conversation history, which helps simplify and guide response generation. Initially implemented with both undergraduate and graduate students at KSU, this method prompted learners to engage deeply with their writing processes and AI-generated content. The aim was not only to improve the efficiency of their prompts but also to cultivate a conscientious approach that takes into account broader ethical implications. This approach is unique in treating prompt engineering as a rhetorical writing process—one that’s focused on audience, purpose, style, tone, and contextual awareness. Building on this foundation, the framework expanded beyond our campus to reach thousands of learners through a module on Coursera, where it continued to evolve and adapt. As a professor and curricular developer in these courses, I have been privileged to observe students from diverse academic and professional backgrounds explore the integration of genAI into their personal and professional contexts. The feedback has been overwhelmingly positive. Learners have consistently reported that the Rhetorical Prompt Engineering Method not only improved the quality of their AI-generated outputs but also heightened their awareness of ethical concerns they may not have previously considered. Hundreds of learners have reported that this method assists them in developing clarity and specificity in their prompting and increased accuracy and usefulness of their outputs. This method is now a core part of graduate-level courses, including Prompt Engineering for Writers, grant-writing, Introduction to Professional Writing, and the proposed Graduate Certificate in AI Writing Technologies in our English Department's graduate curriculum. The implementation and iterative refinement of this framework have yielded demonstrable improvements in the quality of student outputs. Whether by clarifying the purpose, adjusting audience, tone, or ensuring that generated prompts avoid harmful biases, this method has had a measurable impact for learners training to be, or who are already, professional writers. Thousands of learners, both at KSU and across Coursera, have applied this approach to generate outputs that are more effective, ethical, and precise. To further support this process, we have developed a visual tool known as the Ethical Wheel of Prompting. This tool encourages learners to reflect on four essential criteria: Usefulness, Relevance, Accuracy, and Harmlessness. Each time a prompt is crafted or an output is edited, learners are urged to consider these criteria as a means of ensuring not only effectiveness but also responsibility in genAI use. We have had positive small-scale student response and continue to refine this method as we move forward with piloting. Below, I have included both the Rhetorical Prompt Engineering Method and the Ethical Wheel of Prompting. These visuals are intended to illuminate the process and demonstrate the practical application of human-genAI interactions. Whether you are composing a blog post, editing a professional communication, or generating content ideas, these steps can significantly enhance the quality and integrity of the work produced. Generative AI is a transformative tool, and with thoughtful, ethical engagement, it can serve as a catalyst for meaningful and impactful communication. I invite you to connect with me on LinkedIn or via email to continue exploring and expanding our understanding of both the affordances and limitations of these emerging technologies.             Jeanne Beatrix Law is a Professor of English and Director of Composition at Kennesaw State University, focusing on generative AI (genAI) and digital civil rights histography. Her AI literacy work has global reach, including multiple presentations of her Rhetorical Prompt Engineering Framework at conferences like Open Educa Berlin and the Suny Council on Writing. She has led workshops on ethical genAI for diverse institutions and disciplines at Eastern Michigan, Kent State, and CUNY’s Ai Subgroup. She and her students have authored publications on student perceptions of AI in professional writing. Jeanne also co-authored The Writer's Loop: A Guide to College Writing and contributed to the Instructor's Guide for Andrea Lunsford's Everyday Writer. She has authored eight Coursera courses on genAI and advocates for ethical AI integration in educational spaces in both secondary and higher education spaces as a faculty mentor for the AAC&U’s AI Pedagogy Institute. ... View more

This morning, a colleague shared an announcement with me via email. Embedded in the email was a comment about generative AI possibly taking over much of the routine work of scholarly editing and publication in the future. I closed the email, shut my eyes, and thought, I need a vacation from all things AI. AI is everywhere: the Chronicle of Higher Education and Inside Higher Education offer AI-themed articles and advertisements daily, while various departments at my university are hosting brown bags on the topic. Our linguistics club hosted a symposium on AI, with two PhD candidates speaking on their research in AI and applied linguistics. Our department’s WAC/WID committee is hosting a series of Webinars on AI in college writing, and the administration sent a lengthy AI survey for faculty to complete. I follow colleagues who focus on AI, including linguists like Emily Bender, composition/rhetoric specialists like Marc Watkins, and my fellow Bits bloggers Stuart Selber and April Lidinsky. My first-year composition course this semester has focused on writing about AI. With just two weeks left in this academic term, I have reached AI saturation.  I am going to set aside—for a while—all the urgency surrounding AI and think about what has driven my teaching and thinking over 30 years: working with students at the intersection of applied linguistics and composition studies. Nothing has been so energizing and restorative as dialogue with these students as they explore concepts of language, rhetoric, or pedagogy—and discover those concepts as sense-making tools. This semester, I worked with five writing fellows at our university, and as part of an internship course, they completed annotated bibliographies, choosing articles from a list of journals and classic pieces that I provided for them. I sat down this week to read their summaries and reflections. Here’s just a sampling of some of their initial choices: Elizabeth Wardle’s 2012 piece, “Creative Repurposing for Expansive Learning: Considering ‘Problem-Exploring’ and ‘Answer-Getting’ Dispositions in Individuals and Fields.” Bruce Horner and Min-Zhan Lu’s 1999 article, “Representing the ‘Other’: Basic Writers And the Teaching of Basic Writing.”  A 2024 piece by Naitnaphit Limlamai, Emily Wilson, and Anne Ruggles Gere, “‘There are Other Ways to Answer This’: Development of pedagogical content Knowledge via Listening as a Benefit to Writing Fellows Across Disciplines.”  A 2024 pedagogy piece by Megan Heise, “Teaching Students How to Give and Receive Peer Review Feedback." Mark Blaauw-Hara’s 2006 classic, "Why Our Students Need Instruction in Grammar, and How We Should Go about It."  A 2018 piece by Elizabeth Busekrus, "A Conversational Approach: Using Writing Center Pedagogy in Commenting for Transfer in the Classroom." These writing fellows, who had been tutoring in literature, psychology, and corequisite English classes, bubbled with insight and questions:  I have never thought about this, but it makes so much sense!  I have seen this before… This explains why… I cannot wait to try this in my small group sessions… This reminds me of… So does this mean…? I remember reading about this in another class, but now it makes sense.  That is SO COOL. I know that I will eventually have to return to AI-related concerns. And the fellows have dealt with these concerns already (What do we do if we suspect the draft was AI-generated?).  But for this week, exploring these texts with my students was a welcome respite from all things AI. Have you experienced AI-information overload? What brings you energy and joy in those moments? ... View more

by Sonakshi Srivastava, Ashoka University This post is part of an occasional series affiliated with the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), a regional event with national reach that takes place annually online and in Milwaukee, WI. In 2024, Sona was a Bedford/St. Martin’s WIS Fellow. Learn more below and in posts tagged “writing innovation” and “WIS.” In July of 2023, I made my debut as a teacher in a classroom. Up until then, I had been comfortable with my position as a writing tutor—looking at students’ scripts, working with them on polishing their drafts, completing their essays and the like but the summer of 2023 warmed me up to a different experience and experiment in my tutor life. My duty as a teacher, then, included teaching English to a cohort of some twenty students as a part of my university’s pedagogical programme, the Academic Bridge Programme (at Ashoka University). As the name suggests, the programme is intended to help students transition smoothly from school to college and places particular emphasis on English writing and speaking skills. With this particular intent in mind, I curated a curriculum that sought to invite the young minds to a world of curiosity and critical thinking. And, as a scholar of reading and attention, I dedicated a whole module to this specific strand with readings taken from the works of Elena Ferrante (translated by Ann Goldstein) and Sandra Cisneros. In total honesty, I was supremely proud of my curation—the naïve thrill of a first-time curriculum designer was hard to contain, so much so that I had already pictured my students smitten with the select excerpts, awed by the creative spill of words on paper. I was so read-y for this! However, as much as I was prepared to teach, I was also anxious about the reception and to some extent, my fear was founded. I had misread the class. In their seminal pedagogical work How to Read a Book, pivoted around critical reading, Charles Van Doren and Mortimer J. Adler regard the reader as important as the writer. They compare this relational importance through the analogy of a pitch, a ball and the players. They compare the pitcher to the writer, the fielder to the reader, and the ball to the text. In that, the text as the ball is passive, and it is the sum total of the activity between the pitcher and the fielder that gives meaning to the receiving or the missing of the ball. What is implied here then is that the ball may be missed or received – the onus of this acceptance or rejection depends heavily on the reader as the fielder. And this is what the act of reading eventually condenses to. The text is a complex object set forth in action by the writer. It is the task of the reader to “catch” the writer’s intentions. What if Adler and Doren’s intention, set for the reader-writer relationship, were to manifest in a classroom? What if the writer exchanged places with a teacher in this analogy? These ifs found an answer through me. I, the teacher, had the ball rolling by prescribing the readings. My students, the readers, had failed to catch them—and this fault here was mine to claim. It was not them who had misunderstood or misread the texts. It was I, who had failed them and the texts in a classroom by misreading them. I can talk about this failure of mine because my being as a teacher stood challenged that particular day. This challenge is further fuelled by my reflection on Adler and Doren’s analogy which gracefully saves the writers from the act of reading or misreading the text by their readers. What possibilities would emerge if a teacher recognizes their shortcomings in a classroom? What if it is not the fielder’s error but an error by the pitcher? Since time was limited, and the course set, I had to come up with an alternative approach to the text. Over the course of a week, we worked together in different languages—switching between Tamil, Hindi, Bengali, Khari, and English. We workshopped Cisneros’ story in our native tongues and connected it to stories that we had grown up listening or reading. Interestingly enough, the idea that the students are less “fluent” in English was also circumvented, prompting me to think if the assumption about their “fluency” was typecasted because of certain attributes (hailing from Tier-2 or Tier-3 cities, educated in state board schools etc.) that they had failed. The students were proficient in English—and where the vernaculars failed, English—no matter how “broken”, how “unpolished” brought our ideas and us together. Everyday, then, was a navigation through translation in that class, and that made all the difference. An initial challenge that channeled into a lesson for me not only as a teacher but also a translator. This was praxis. As I transition in my tutor role, from one ABP cohort to another, I cannot help but reflect how being in and reading with the classroom has influenced my perspective(s) on teaching. I think of it through the triad of the Cs—connect, correspond, and collaborate. To not think less of the students but to think with them and through them. A classroom is the most fertile field where a critical mind may flourish. And to think of it, perhaps this is what the pitcher and the fielder should do with the ball – approach it in the spirit of collaboration—one where we are not playing against one another but with one another. References Adler, Mortimer J., and Charles Van Doren. How to Read a Book. Simon and Schuster, 2011. The theme for WIS ‘25 is mise en place, a culinary term for putting things in place before cooking, especially in a professional kitchen. For us, it’s a metaphor for getting ready to write as well as a pathway to exploring the interrelationship between writing and food. Join us online or in Milwaukee, WI, January 30-31, 2025. Proposals are welcome through 10/25 and, for undergraduate writers, through 12/13. Registration opens in early November. ... View more

Mckenzie Bergan Mckenzie Bergan is a PhD student at the University of Connecticut studying gothic fiction, young adult literature, and the campus novel. She explores how students and instructors form their identities within educational institutions, both individually and in relationship to those around them. She is the Assistant Director of First-Year Writing and is writing a textbook with the Director of UConn's FYW program. In this role, she also plans professional development opportunities for instructors and helps plan and host the Conference on the Teaching of Writing. She has taught English 1007, Writing and Multimodal Composition over the past several years and in the summer. She is the co-host of the “Reading Shirley Jackson Podcast” and has published “Theorising the Uncanny Adaptation through Hamlet” in Adaptation.     What is the most important skill you aim to provide your students? The most important thing I hope to instill in my students is the ability to recognize and hone their own curiosity. For so many students, school becomes a series of check boxes, and they often don’t have time to linger on questions or ideas that excite them. And that’s not necessarily anyone’s fault! Of course, students become overwhelmed with all they are expected to do in order to gain entry into a university and to graduate from one, and educators have those same responsibilities, especially when so many students face gaps in access and instructional time from the pandemic. That's why I feel it is so vital to give students space to be curious, to recognize when an idea sparks something in them, and further, to give them tools to practice their curiosity. Google and Wikipedia are amazing resources that give us more access to information than anyone has had in the history of our world (!!!), but helping to guide them through the process of navigating those resources, how to be on the lookout for information, and how to process different information in intuitive ways are all skills I work on in the classroom. Further, exposing them to the resources they have through the university and how to use them while they can is central to my work in the classrooms.   What is your greatest teaching challenge? It might be cliche, but my biggest teaching challenge right now is how to engage with AI ethically. Not only is it a technology that will necessarily change the course of my teaching forever, but I struggle to navigate the ethical concerns I have about it, like the environmental impact it causes, and the lack of credit given to the writers and artists whose work AI uses to create its products. While I’m deeply interested in ways AI can be utilized in the classroom, I don’t feel comfortable asking students to play with AI or asking it to do the same thing multiple ways, as many class activities suggest, because creating one AI generated image is the same as completely charging your phone, according to the MIT Technology Review. In addition, AI draws from resources that it does not credit. How can I ask my students to think about ethical citation methods while using a technology that fails to follow the methods I teach? And yet, it feels like if I don’t embrace AI in my classroom, I’ll become a dinosaur and lose the opportunity to bring an exciting new technology into the classroom. It also obviously won’t stop students from using AI technology in a variety of ways. Is a “I’d rather you do it in the house” mentality a better way of teaching them how to navigate this development even with my ethical concerns? These are the questions that take up most of my teaching thinking at this point. And while they are difficult, it’s also exciting to be at an important turning point in the way we think about teaching, the composition classroom, and writing itself.   Mckenzie's Assignment That Works Below is a brief synopsis of Mckenzie's assignment. For the full activity, see the Freewriting Portfolio assignment prompt. For Assignments That Work, I shared my “Freewriting Portfolio” assignment. This assignment emerges out of a daily practice of freewriting that I do in my First-Year Writing classroom. For 10 minutes each class, students respond to a prompt I create. The prompt may be on the content of the class that day, a question about writing or composing, or a reflection on the project they're currently creating. Every student then shares one thing they thought about in the freewriting time, even if it’s just one sentence. I find starting the day with writing and sharing not only sets a concrete expectation of what class will be like, but it also helps to create a classroom community in which every student’s ideas are valued and heard. By the end of the semester, students have almost 30 freewriting responses. Our final project, the Freewriting Portfolio, asks students to create a multimodal collage of their freewriting artifacts. They must select 5 excerpts from their writing and then combine them with images that represent their thinking throughout the course. By combining visual and linguistic modes, students can reflectively think about their experience in the class in new ways. Students then create three footnotes that explain how their thinking has evolved throughout the course, and how their projects might have grown out of these preliminary meditations. It also asks them to consciously consider how they navigated their writing processes. I find reflective writing at the end of the semester to be very meaningful, and italso asks me to think about how I want to frame the course for future students. ... View more

I am definitely learning alongside my students as we consider the place of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the writing classroom. I’m not an early adopter — far from it. But I am certainly open to AI’s generative possibilities. I’ve enjoyed hearing how students use large language models such as ChatGPT in almost all areas of their lives. Some use it to figure out what to make from the weird collection of ingredients in their apartment fridges. Some use it to find less confrontational ways to phrase difficult messages to friends. My nephew used it to generate on-the-spot ceremonial language for his sister’s wedding. He’s a coder with a realistic sense of what AI does and doesn’t do. He made an assessment: Wedding ceremonies are largely formulaic, and using AI got him out of a tongue-tied spot so that he could embellish with some personal touches. Writing in our classrooms, though, has different purposes. I’m learning a lot from instructors in the “Bits on Bots” series, including Jeanne Beatrix Law’s recent post about the energetic student engagement she has witnessed with some generative classroom uses of ChatGPT. In another post from that series, Jennifer Duncan proposes an annotated bibliography assignment that guides students into meta-analysis of AI research results that moves students’ thinking to higher levels in Bloom’s Taxonomy, and pushes them into deeper thinking about how and why to use sources in their papers. That certainly seems like using AI as a “tool, and not as not a crutch,” as her students observed. And yet I’m also learning from AI insiders how to explain to students some of the serious limits of AI, including the crucial insight that the “I” in AI is not “intelligence.” A machine learning algorithm can predict the next words in a standardized sentence, but it is not grounded in reality, in culture, or in the network of creative meaning-making that humans bring to the task of interpretation and argument. Helping students understand this can guide their decisions about how and when to use AI. So, I highly recommend bringing into your classroom the student-friendly, accessible and very funny blog by AI researcher Janelle Shane, AI Weirdness.  Shane also has a TED talk, “The Danger of AI is Weirder Than You Think” that could be 10 minutes well-spent as a conversation-starter in class or as a spark to reflective writing.     Shane consolidates her argument in these “Five Principles of AI Weirdness”:             * The danger of AI is not that it’s too smart but that it’s not smart enough             * AI has the approximate brainpower of a worm             * AI does not really understand the problem you want it to solve             * But: AI will do exactly what you tell it to. Or at least it will try its best.             * And AI will take the path of least resistance.  Shane illustrates these principles in ways that will likely catch your students’ interest. For example, she experiments with AI to generate pick-up lines, including, “You look like a thing and I love you,” which became the title of Shane’s 2019 book. On her blog, she collects hilarious examples of the ways AI cannot replicate human creativity and experience when it comes to designing Halloween costumes (“Spartan Gandalf,” anyone?) or ice cream flavors (care for some “praline cheddar swirl”?). Keeping up with the value and the limits of AI might be one of the most important conversations we have this year — for our students, and for ourselves. ... View more

by Saurabh Anand, University of Georgia This post is part of an occasional series affiliated with the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), a regional event with national reach that takes place annually online and in Milwaukee, WI. In 2024, Saurabh was a Bedford/St. Martin’s WIS Fellow. Learn more below and in posts tagged “writing innovation” and “WIS.” "POETRY SOCIETY POSTCARD" by summonedbyfells is licensed under CC BY 2.0. Poetry and the topic of teaching poetry to multilingual writers are both very personal for me. As a poet and a person of color with an immigrant background, I often share my story with my students along with some of the poetry that is important to me. Recently, for example, I enjoyed reading Postcolonial Banter (2019) by British Muslim poet Suhaiymah Manzoor-Khan. I connected in particular with her narratives of white supremacy (in her case, the U.K.). For example, in her poems "This Is Not A Humanising Poem" and "British Values," Manzoor-Khan resists positivist ways of thinking by showcasing the multiplicity of voices, experiences, and truths. The multilingual students in my classes have found her poems especially relevant. I think of one student in particular, Sonam (a pseudonym). After reading Manzoor-Khan's works, including her poem “A Cold Funeral of the Authentic Muslim Woman,” and listening to her TED talk, "I'm Bored of Talking about Muslim Women," Sonam wrote about her own journey. In a resilient reflection, she centered what it is like to be a Brown Muslim woman who wears a Hijab in the U.S. South, explaining her experience is an American truth, too. As Sonam confided to me, Manzoor-Khan's work gave her legitimation and authority to write about her own experiences. I cherish such moments, and the power poetry can have for multilingual students in my writing classes. However, I recognize that inviting poetry into the writing classroom can require strategic thinking. In writing courses I teach, I refer to exercises from Mike Palmquist’s The Bedford Researcher (2021) to introduce poetry as part of brainstorming activities for literacy narratives and other story-based genres. For example, I have assigned poems such as “Dhaka Dust” by Dilruba Ahmed, “Birth” by Fady Joudah, and “The African Burial Ground” by Yusef Komunyakaa. Then, as they develop literacy narratives, I ask students to respond to the following questions about what they read: What/who prompted you to think about in your life or someone you know based on what is happening in the poem? If you have to summarize the poem about the genre we are reading, how might you do that?  Similar to the poem, who are some people who play a crucial (positive or negative, you decide) role(s) in interpreting/receiving your experiences? Were there situations/people in the external world who influenced your experiences, and how? Have you read anything (across other languages/cultures) that has had a similar (or entirely different) perspective to the genre we focus on? What perspective do you agree with and why? The results can be powerful. I remember one of my students, Pablo (a pseudonym), with Bengali as his first language. During the outline stage of his literacy narrative, he wrote about how others assumed him to constantly need "English coaching" just because English is not his first language. In his draft, he described how he took a stand for himself as someone who had AP credit for an introductory composition class at the university. Utilizing poetry as a compositional tool empowered Pablo to express his resistance to native English fallacy and allowed me to better understand his challenges and triumphs. At times, at the beginning of a first-year writing or teacher education course, when I explain the overarching theme and the kinds of poetry-based activities and resources I’ll be using, I encounter resistance. I have had students who assume they cannot read or produce poems, and the prospect of doing so can be especially daunting for multilingual writers. To make my case, in such scenarios, I discuss the power of poetry and how reading and writing about it can help develop critical thinking skills. Providing students accessible ways to give poetry a try becomes even more crucial in such scenarios. In general, I have noticed that reading poems such as “March” by Ye Chun and “Poem for When You Want to Remember” by Mia Ayumi Malhotra can do more than enliven class discussion. Such poems can ignite brainstorming about personal storytelling and also influence students’ word choice and attention to details in their own writing. To enhance these effects, I often supplement poetry with the narratives of creative writers who write in a second or other language. Teaching “Embracing Imperfection: On Writing in a Second Language” by Kaori Fujimoto and “Born Again in a Second Language” by Costica Bradatan, I have seen my students' confidence grow along with their motivation to be future agents of the critical world. Sonam’s and Pablo’s stories are just two of the many examples I have collected of the power of poetry in writing classes. Again and again, it helps my students, especially the multilingual college students I teach, bring their own cultures and experiences into their writing. As a result, poetry fosters their sense of belonging in college and in English. It also strengthens their understanding of language and of themselves, including their cultural identities. The latter, in particular, is something I want to ensure I preserve as a multilingual writer and a writing teacher. Teaching Resources I Recommend Chamcharatsri, B., & Iida, A. (Eds.). (2022). International perspectives on creative writing in second language education: Supporting language learners’ proficiency, identity, and creative expression. Taylor & Francis. Link Palmquist, M. (2021). The Bedford Researcher with 2021 MLA Update (4th ed.). Macmillan Higher Education. Link Starkey, D. (2022). Creative Writing: Four Genres in Brief: Four Genres in Brief (4th ed.). Macmillan Higher Education. Link For Further Reading Ahmad, D. (2011). Dhaka Dust. In Dhaka Dust. Greywolf Press. Link Ayumi Malhotra, M. A. (2018). Poem for When You Want to Remember. SWWIM. Link Bradatan, C. (August 04, 2013). Born Again in a Second Language. New York Times. Link Chun, Y. (2005). March. The Bitter Oleander Press. Link Fujimoto, K. (January 27, 2021). Embracing Imperfection: On Writing in a Second Language. Literary Hub. Link Garcia, D. (October/November, 1995). Italicized Writings. The Writer’s Chronicle. Link Joudah, F. (2013). Birth. In Alight. Copper Canyon Press. Link Komunyakaa, Y. (March, 2014). The African Burial Ground. Poetry Magazine. Link Manzoor-Khan, S. (2017, November). I'm bored of talking about Muslim Women [Video]. TEDxCoventGardenWomen. Link Manzoor-Khan, S. (2017, October). Suhaiymah Khan performs at TedxYouth@Brum 2017 [Video]. TEDx Talks Link Manzoor-Khan: please add citations for works referenced, including TED talks. Sailer, T. (2021). Why Write in English? Non-Native Speakers and Their Love for a Language. Tinted Journal. Link Smith, S. (January 28, 2019). Writing in a Second Language. Common Thread: Stories from Antioch University. Link Warner, M. (March 13, 2012). English that's good enough. The Guardian. Link The theme for WIS ‘25 is mise en place, a culinary term for putting things in place before cooking, especially in a professional kitchen. For us, it’s a metaphor for getting ready to write as well as a pathway to exploring the interrelationship between writing and food. Join us online or in Milwaukee, WI, January 30-31, 2025. Proposals are welcome through 10/25 and, for undergraduate writers, through 12/13. Registration opens in early November. ... View more

While reviewing first drafts of a source-based essay from my corequisite students, I noticed how often they introduced quoted material without much integration or context. In general, they had mastered the use of a signal phrase, but they used such phrases without providing any context to indicate the relevance of the source or the expertise from which the author spoke (again indicating that the internet is, for many of them, a flat landscape).  In a subsequent class, I revisited source integration via short summaries and author credentials.  At a few minutes after 8 o’clock that morning, I could see I was rapidly losing the class. I stopped and asked them a simple question: “How many of you took the interstate to get here this morning?” Several raised their hands.  “So did you use an on-ramp when you got on the interstate?” Nods all around. I asked them what would happen if they skipped the on-ramp and tried to enter the interstate using a right turn. “We’d hit someone and cause an accident,” they laughed. Exactly:  you have to speed up and merge into the flow of traffic. I explained that introducing quoted material is similar to a car merging onto the interstate: it has to merge into the flow of traffic by using the full on-ramp. The proverbial on-ramp in writing is the way you set up a context for the quoted material.  Did the analogy lead to sophisticated integration of quotes? Of course not. But in the next drafts, I could see the students’ attempts, however rough, to add context. Analogies are ubiquitous in college classrooms. After all, students make sense of new concepts and skills in light of what they already know. And over my career as a writing teacher, I have often resorted to analogies to teach writing concepts: a choppy paragraph is similar to what happens when I try to drive a car with manual transmission (being proficient only on an automatic), or like trying to climb a stairwell with missing steps. I explain the information deluge that occurs when corequisite students neglect paragraphing or end punctuation this way: what if I am asked to drink an entire pot of coffee at one time, rather than in measured sips?  I’d choke on one of my favorite things!   Sentences weighed down by unneeded adjectives or adverbs remind me of swimming in the Gulf of Mexico when the seaweed is heavy: it’s hard to see where I stand because the seaweed obscures the sand. And of course reading a text whose author has not yet found a thesis reminds me of what happens when my GPS malfunctions: I just don’t know where I am going. Or perhaps it’s more like being in a corn maze in the fall: I have no sense of where to go next because I don’t know what the big picture is. If the writer could just take the view from above—from a hovering drone—I would be much more willing to follow.  There are days when I wonder whether I am (at 57) too far removed from the experiences and digital spaces that my students share to make meaningful connections with them. But I have found that analogies cross generational divides, even as vocabulary and lived experience seem further apart. Shared laughter over my silly analogies—or my students’ adaptations of those analogies—is a reminder of what has not changed, and what we have in common. What are your favorite analogies in the writing classroom? I would love to hear from you. ... View more

by Christina Davidson, University of Louisville This post is part of an occasional series affiliated with the Writing Innovation Symposium (WIS), a regional event with national reach that takes place annually online and in Milwaukee, WI. In 2024, Christina was a Bedford/St. Martin’s WIS Fellow. Learn more below and in posts tagged “writing innovation” and “WIS.” Large Language Models (such as ChatGPT) became widely available in November of 2022. Since that time, students have been exploring their use and are eager to learn more. As a veteran composition teacher and member of a WPA team, I was hopeful to find a way to address student GenAI curiosity in my own classroom. AI and Writing (2023), Sidney I. Dobrin’s classroom-friendly text, was exactly what I needed . In the second half, which focuses on “opportunities and applications,” Dobrin borrows a powerful metaphor from GenAI expert Cath Ellis. He compares approaches to writing to ways of summiting Mt. Everest. For Ellis, writing is akin to climbing just as GenAI is to riding a helicopter to the mountain top (60). Each option leads to the summit or goal, yet they provide contrasting experiences—and very different opportunities to learn. Together, Dobrin’s book and Ellis’s metaphor gave me an idea for getting writers to think about GenAI and the writing process. The 75-minute workshop I designed, “Process, Post-Process, and GenAI,” starts with a focus on writing. In fact, I don’t even mention GenAI until the closing discussion. Instead, I start by asking participants to use materials I provided (i.e., blank paper, markers, colored pencils) to draw any task they perform in which several paths could lead to the same result. Here are a few memorable examples from my first workshop which occurred at the 2024 Writing Innovation Symposium, held at Marquette University. Thoughtful participants drew multiple ways to learn a new language, different methods for preparing rice, and various paths to explore inside an open-world game, just to name a few. Wesley Fryer - EdTechSR Ep 308 Exploring AI in Education After drawing, participants share in small groups to kick off the discussion. This is a great time to “work the room” and see which drawings might be best shared with the entire group. The resulting conversation opens a dialogue in which participants analyze their own writing process and how it might compare to one of the “paths” in the drawing. The conversation is not meant to imply a favoritism for a certain method or path (helicopters are certainly useful machines, as is Duolingo), but to increase the critical way students consider the writing process. It’s the first step toward engaging with the most essential question at the close of the workshop–What might happen if change my writing process to include GenAI? On my campus, most FYC students are familiar with process-oriented pedagogy from prewriting and drafting, to revising, editing, and finally “publishing” or submitting their work. Our students might imagine each of the steps the hiker must complete before the summit is reached, just as they might imagine the work that is placed into completing a final draft. However, we know the hike to the top of a mountain is rarely, if ever, a straight line–and our writing processes aren’t straightforward either. Just as the hiker may need to navigate a blocked trail, so, too, the writer must negotiate struggles in completing a draft. As we close our discussion, I return to one of my favorite examples. At my first workshop, one participant drew the creative choices players make in open world games. He charted several “mini-bosses” and side quests, which we might imagine as rounds of peer revisions, writing center visits, or conducting additional research while writing a large paper. If a GenAI tool could take the gamer straight to the credits, clearly much would be forfeited. Similarly, there’s much to be lost when a writer uses ChatGPT to create a “final” draft. The example also illustrates how a post-process approach to writing is highly contextual and social, two areas where GenAI just isn’t as helpful. The workshop ends with reflective writing concerning our shared discoveries through discussion. I have been encouraged to hear how quickly FYC students identify the critical human element they wish to retain in writing. Most participants agree that LLMs can be useful for some writing tasks, but preserving agency over their personal writing often remains at the center of student concern. Are you interested in fostering conversations about process and GenAI tools in the classroom? I would encourage you to try my exercise in your own classroom and to let students discover for themselves how the most memorable processes are ones that meander and land in unexpected places. I often recall an exasperated FYC student that lamented, “It took forever to write this paper!” I quickly responded, “Lucky you!” because I knew this student had gained so much learning in that work. To follow C.P. Cavafy’s poem “Ithaka,” I reminded her of the opening line—“As you set out for Ithaka, hope your journey is a long one.” A writing process full of discovery, invention, and reinvention is one I encourage in my FYC course—and although GenAI can be helpful on a step of that iterative journey toward destinations unknown, the understanding of what “these Ithakas” mean is only known to the writer who writes them. The theme for WIS ‘25 is mise en place, a culinary term for putting things in place before cooking, especially in a professional kitchen. For us, it’s a metaphor for getting ready to write as well as a pathway to exploring the interrelationship between writing and food. Join us online or in Milwaukee, WI, January 30-31, 2025. Proposals are welcome through 10/25 and, for undergraduate writers, through 12/13. Registration opens in early November. ... View more

Jeanne Beatrix Law is a Professor of English and Director of Composition at Kennesaw State University, focusing on generative AI (genAI) and digital civil rights histography. Her AI literacy work has global reach, including multiple presentations of her Rhetorical Prompt Engineering Framework at conferences like Open Educa Berlin and the Suny Council on Writing. She has led workshops on ethical genAI for diverse institutions and disciplines at Eastern Michigan, Kent State, and CUNY’s AI Subgroup. She and her students have authored publications on student perceptions of AI in professional writing. Jeanne also co-authored The Writer's Loop: A Guide to College Writing and contributed to the Instructor's Guide for Andrea Lunsford's Everyday Writer. She has authored eight Coursera courses on genAI and advocates for ethical AI integration in educational spaces in both secondary and higher education spaces as a faculty mentor for the AAC&U’s AI Pedagogy Institute.   In my inaugural post a couple of weeks ago, I began with November 2022, which is when the public first gained access to ChatGPT. Today, I want to fast-forward to August 2023 and report out some data that our Kennesaw State University research team conducted. As the Chief P.I. for the project, I led a team seeking to measure first-year students’ attitudes towards generative AI (genAI) use in their academic and personal writing.[i] I had experimented with AI-infused teaching already, but this was a first attempt at systematic inquiry into how students might be using generative AI in their writing. A Disclaimer I completely understand the challenge of translating data into actionable steps, especially when introducing generative AI into college classrooms. We’re all navigating new ground here, working to sift through what the data tells us and how it aligns with the dynamic needs of our students and teaching goals. It’s a learning curve, but together, we can explore strategies that are both data-informed and practically applicable. Engaging with data-rich content can often feel overwhelming, especially when every point seems crucial. Recognizing this, my aim here is to distill the most significant insights for clarity and relevance. Rather than inundating readers with exhaustive detail, I’ll focus on the key elements that reveal meaningful trends and implications. Let’s approach this data thoughtfully, with a critical eye on the broader narrative it suggests. What We Did & What We Found We surveyed students in the fall and spring semesters and distributed digital surveys through instructors in Composition I and Composition II courses. Around 1,550 students answered the surveys. Some of our findings were expected; for example, more than 92% of students reported being aware of generative AI. Many of our findings, however, surprised us. Almost 40% of students (average of fall and spring collections) reported that they use genAI tools in their personal writing, while 35% reported using genAI in their academic writing. More than 75% of students surveyed believe that genAI is the future of writing. Even more so, the qualitative sentiment analysis gave us deeper insights into the nuanced understandings and writing practices of these students. You can read more about preliminary (2023) insights in the DRC Blog Carnival. Students felt that generative AI (genAI) was helpful for brainstorming and idea generation and was beneficial for generating ideas, structuring thoughts, and helping overcome writer's block. They further appreciated genAI's ability to provide different perspectives or suggestions which can be developed further. GenAI was commonly mentioned by students as a useful tool for grammar corrections and refining sentence structure. They seemed to view this practice as analogous to other writing aids that do not compromise academic integrity. Several responses highlighted the utility of genAI in quickly gathering preliminary research or understanding basic concepts, which can be helpful in laying groundwork for more in-depth investigation. On the flipside, students reported negative sentiments towards genAI as well. Their responses indicated that they considered genAI use as cheating when it was used to replace personal effort. A significant concern was that using genAI to write essays or complete assignments was also cheating. Students emphasized that submitting work generated by genAI as one's own undermines the purpose of education and diminished individual understanding and effort. There is a widespread belief that AI impedes the creative process and that relying on genAI for academic tasks can lead to a decline in students' own creative and critical thinking skills. Many students saw the use of genAI in academic settings as a moral issue, arguing that it promotes laziness and dishonesty. The concern is that it allows students to bypass learning and understanding, leading to a lack of genuine academic growth. The trends in sentiments led us to speculate that, while students did find ethical use cases for generative AI, they also understood its limitations. For us, this was an “a-ha” moment, where the lore around many faculty campfires that told a narrative of “rampant student cheating” simply wasn’t accurate. The students we surveyed demonstrated deeper understandings and uses of generative AI and sought guidance from faculty. In fact, more than one third of students we surveyed wanted to learn more about genAI and would take a class on it. Preliminary Takeaways Initial analysis indicates that students need guidance on ethical AI use, and that faculty have opportunity for key input to: help students scale ethical generative AI use; help students understand the human-centered ethics of AI outputs; cultivate students’ digital literacies and prepare them to thrive in AI-infused workplaces. It’s important to note that what motivated our research team was workplace and industry data showing trends in generative AI demands and how teens are interacting with generative AI tools. What’s Next? In my next post, I will dig deeper into what we have used this data for so far. A preview: supporting students in their AI literacy journeys through rhetorical prompt engineering and OER custom GPTs. Stay tuned; thanks for reading.    [i] Our initial research team included: Dr. John Havard, Dr. Laura Palmer, James Blakely, and myself. We have since added Dr. Tammy Powell, Ahlan Filtrup, and Serenity Hill Our IRB#: FY23-559 ... View more

This series of posts is adapted from a keynote address given by Stuart A. Selber for the Teaching Technical Communication and Artificial Intelligence Symposium on March 20, 2024 hosted by Utah Valley University. This is the fifth post in a series exploring five tenets of a Manifesto for Technical Communication Programs: AI is evolutionary, not revolutionary AI both solves and creates problems AI shifts, rather than saves, time and money  AI provides mathematical solutions to human communication problems AI requires students to know more, not less, about technical communication  < You are here To explain this tenet of the Manifesto, I want to share the results of a study I conducted with Johndan Johnson-Eilola and Eric York (Johnson-Eilola, Selber, and York, 2024). In our study, we analyzed the ability of ChatGPT to generate effective instructions for a consequential task: taking a COVID-19 test at home. In our analysis, we compared the output from a commercial prompt for generating these instructions to those provided by the test manufacturer. We also analyzed the input—the prompt itself—to address prompt engineering issues. Although the output from ChatGPT exhibited certain conventions for procedural documentation, the human-authored instructions from the manufacturer were superior in many ways. We therefore concluded that when it comes to creating high-quality, consequential instructions, ChatGPT might be better seen as a collaborator than a competitor with human technical communicators. Let me summarize our results for you. Although the robot did a good job of breaking down the overall task into subtasks and using the imperative voice, it was unsuccessful in several areas, some of them critical to health and safety. For example, the robot numbered headings and bulleted steps instead of numbering steps and using text attributes to build a design hierarchy with headings. You probably recall dividing your stressed-out attention between a test kit and its instructions: Bullets do nothing to help you re-find your place in the instructions as you go. More critically, the robot failed to specify the insertion depth for the nasal swab, and it also got the insertion time wrong. In addition, the robot failed to specify how long the nasal swab should be swirled in the tube or well. These problems could very well lead to incorrect test results, failing to reveal, for instance, that the user contracted COVID-19. There were other problems with the instructions, but these were among the major ones. The output, of course, reflects the input, and the prompt had many problems, too. For example, the prompt did not call for a document title for the instructions, a preview of the task, a list of items that users will need, or safety measures, all common conventions of the genre whose presence produces well-known usability benefits. Possible solutions to these problems are themselves problematic. We might naively assume that the solution to a flawed prompt is simply better prompt engineering, that we should rewrite our purchased prompt to achieve better results. Using our expert knowledge of the conventions of the instruction set genre (and more to the point, the reasons for those conventions), we could write a new prompt to make the numbered steps unnumbered headings and the bulleted substeps numbered (to make them more conventional and thus more usable); make sure the instructions are accurate and inclusive of all information (to account for the missing swab depth), including a clause to double check that the information is accurate (to correct the errors in nasal insertion time and swab swirl time). The problem with this solution is that while we can rely on our expertise to tell us how to effectively rewrite this prompt, novice users cannot do that. And even if users could effectively rewrite this prompt, ChatGPT may not be able to successfully replace the bullets with numbers, correct the insertion times, and so on. The solution to the errors introduced by the AI, then, is not more AI. Quite the opposite, we argued. Making a fully detailed set of instructions to correctly tell ChatGPT how to write instructions seems to defeat the purpose of using the technology. That is, if we can already write instructions that well and have the time and wherewithal to iterate the results until we are satisfied they will not harm anyone, then why have the robot write them for us in the first place? In sum, one danger of AI is not that it can replace highly routine genres but that it seems like it can. And depressingly, this might just be good enough for much of the world.   Reference Johnson-Eilola, Johndan, Stuart A. Selber, and Eric J. York. 2024. “Can Artificial Intelligence Robots Write Effective Instructions?” Journal of Business and Technical Communication 38 (3): 199-212. Conclusion Rather than concluding with a summary of the five tenets—I hope I have been clear enough in discussing them—I will end this series of blog posts with a final point, one that is critical to any and all pedagogical activities in technical communication programs. As we all know, writing is a mode of learning and of meaning-making. Although we must prepare students for the day-to-day work of technical communication, we are doing more than just grading the effectiveness of final projects. As we develop AI activities and assignments, we should always keep our learning goals in mind. With those goals in mind, we can better tackle the “where” of AI, something we address throughout the new edition of Technical Communication. By this I mean where we teach students to use AI in technical communication work. For example, I discourage the use of AI in first drafts because of the crucial role they play in helping students figure out what they want to say and how they want to say it. Where can AI assist learning and where might it create problems for learners? If we want to avoid outsourcing learning to technology, this is a key question for all of us.   ... View more